Kev tsom xam ntawm Kev Siv Ib puag ncig
Cov paj laum tau nce ntau zaus, ua rau muaj kev lag luam tsis muaj zog, ua rau cov nyiaj tau los ntawm tus kheej tsis zoo thiab cov neeg siv khoom tsis ruaj khov.
Txij li thaum 2{{10}}23, European Central Bank tau nce cov paj laum peb zaug, thiab tus nqi paj laum tau nce los ntawm 3% mus rau 3.75%, ntau dua li Zero paj laum txoj cai ntawm nruab nrab ntawm 2022; Lub Tuam Txhab Nyiaj Txiag ntawm Askiv kuj tau nce cov paj laum ob zaug rau xyoo no, nrog rau tus nqi paj laum nce mus txog 4.5%, ob qho tib si nce mus txog qib siab tshaj plaws txij li 2008 kev kub ntxhov thoob ntiaj teb nyiaj txiag. Qhov nce ntawm cov paj laum nce nqi qiv, txwv kev rov qab los ntawm kev nqis peev thiab kev siv, ua rau kev lag luam tsis muaj zog thiab kev poob qis hauv kev loj hlob ntawm tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm 2023, lub teb chaws Yelemees lub GDP poob los ntawm 0.2% xyoo-rau-xyoo, thaum lub GDP ntawm lub UK thiab Fabkis nce los ntawm tsuas yog 0.2% thiab 0.9% xyoo-rau-xyoo, raws li zoo raws li. Qhov kev loj hlob tau txo qis los ntawm 4.3, 10.4, thiab 3.6 feem pua cov ntsiab lus piv rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo tas los. Hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov tsev neeg German tau nce los ntawm 4.7% xyoo-rau-xyoo, cov nyiaj hli nominal ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm Askiv tau nce 5.2% xyoo-rau-xyoo, qhov txo qis ntawm 4 thiab 3.7 feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus piv rau tib lub sijhawm. lub sijhawm xyoo tas los, thiab qhov kev yuav khoom tiag tiag ntawm cov tsev neeg Fabkis txoj kev poob qis los ntawm 0.4% nyob rau lub hli. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm British Asadal lub khw muag khoom loj, 80% ntawm cov tsev neeg Askiv cov nyiaj tau los tau poob rau lub Tsib Hlis, thiab 40% ntawm cov tsev neeg Askiv tau poob rau hauv cov nyiaj tau los tsis zoo. Cov nyiaj tau los tiag tiag tsis txaus them cov nqi thiab siv cov khoom tsim nyog.
Tus nqi tag nrho yog siab, thiab cov neeg siv khoom tus nqi ntawm cov khaub ncaws thiab cov khoom siv khaub ncaws tau hloov pauv thiab nce, ua rau tsis muaj zog ntawm kev yuav khoom tiag tiag.
Kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov xwm txheej xws li cov dej tsis txaus thiab cov khoom tsis txaus, cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe feem ntau tau ntsib kev kub ntxhov loj heev txij li 2022. Txawm hais tias cov eurozone thiab UK tau nquag nce cov paj laum txij li 2022 los tiv thaiv tus nqi nce, cov nqi nce nqi hauv EU thiab UK tsis ntev los no tau nqis los ntawm lawv qhov siab tshaj 10% hauv ib nrab xyoo 2022. mus rau 7% mus rau 9%, tab sis tseem nyob deb tshaj qhov kev nce nqi ib txwm nyob ib ncig ntawm 2%. Tus nqi siab tau nce tus nqi ntawm kev nyob thiab txo qis kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm 2023, qhov kawg kev noj ntawm tsev neeg German poob 1% xyoo-rau-xyoo, thaum lub sij hawm siv tiag tiag ntawm cov tsev neeg Askiv tsis tau nce; Kev noj haus zaum kawg ntawm cov tsev neeg Fab Kis tau txo qis los ntawm 0.1% lub hli nyob rau lub hli, thaum qhov ntau ntawm tus kheej noj tom qab tsis suav nrog tus nqi qis qis los ntawm 0.6% nyob rau lub hli.
Los ntawm kev xav ntawm cov khaub ncaws noj cov nqi, Fabkis, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab lub tebchaws United Kingdom tsis tsuas yog tsis tau maj mam poob nrog kev txo qis ntawm kev nce nqi, tab sis kuj pom qhov hloov pauv nce ntxiv. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tsev neeg cov nyiaj tau los tsis zoo, cov nqi siab muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev siv khaub ncaws. Hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm 2023, kev siv nyiaj hauv tsev thiab khau hauv tsev hauv Tebchaws Yelemees tau nce los ntawm 0.9% xyoo-rau-xyoo, thaum nyob rau Fabkis thiab UK, kev siv nyiaj hauv tsev thiab khau poob los ntawm 0.4% thiab 3.8% xyoo-rau-xyoo, nrog kev loj hlob poob los ntawm 48.4, 6.2, thiab 27.4 feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus piv rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo tas los. Nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 2023, cov khw muag khoom muag ntawm cov khaub ncaws muaj feem xyuam nrog cov khoom lag luam hauv Fabkis tau txo qis los ntawm 0.1% xyoo-rau-xyoo, thaum lub Plaub Hlis, cov khw muag khoom ntawm cov khaub ncaws muaj feem xyuam rau cov khoom hauv Tebchaws Yelemees poob 8.7% xyoo-rau-xyoo; Hauv thawj plaub lub hlis, kev muag khoom ntawm cov khaub ncaws muaj feem xyuam rau cov khoom lag luam hauv UK tau nce 13.4% xyoo-rau-xyoo, qeeb los ntawm 45.3 feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus piv rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo tas los. Yog tias tus nqi nce tsis suav nrog, qhov kev muag khoom muag tiag tiag yog qhov tsis muaj kev loj hlob.
Import qhov xwm txheej tsom xam
Tam sim no, lub ntim ntim ntawm textiles thiab khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv EU tau nce, thaum sab nrauv imports tau txo.
Kev ua lag luam muaj peev xwm ntawm EU textile thiab khaub ncaws cov khoom lag luam yog qhov loj, thiab vim tias maj mam txo qis ntawm EU cov khoom lag luam ywj pheej hauv textile thiab khaub ncaws, kev xa khoom sab nraud yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau EU kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Xyoo 1999, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov khoom siv sab nraud rau tag nrho EU textile thiab khaub ncaws ntshuam yog tsawg dua ib nrab, tsuas yog 41.8%. Txij thaum ntawd los, qhov kev faib ua feem tau nce ib xyoos ib zaug, ntau dua 50% txij li xyoo 2010, kom txog thaum nws poob qis dua 50% dua hauv 2021. Txij li xyoo 2016, EU tau xa tawm ntau dua $ 100 billion tus nqi ntawm textiles thiab khaub ncaws los ntawm sab nraud txhua xyoo, nrog tus nqi ntshuam ntawm $ 153.9 nphom hauv 2022.
Txij li thaum 2023, qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv textiles thiab khaub ncaws los ntawm sab nraud EU tau poob qis, thaum kev lag luam sab hauv tau tswj hwm kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg, tag nrho ntawm 33 billion US las tau imported los ntawm sab nraud, ib xyoo-rau-xyoo txo ntawm 7.9%, thiab qhov kev faib ua feem tau txo mus rau 46.8%; Tus nqi ntshuam ntawm textiles thiab khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv EU yog 37.5 billion US dollars, nce 6.9% xyoo-rau-xyoo. Los ntawm ib lub teb chaws los ntawm lub teb chaws foundations, nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg, lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Fabkis imported textiles thiab khaub ncaws los ntawm EU nce los ntawm 3.7% thiab 10.3% raws li xyoo-rau-xyoo, thaum imports ntawm textiles thiab khaub ncaws los ntawm sab nraud EU poob 0.3 % thiab 9.9% raws li xyoo-rau-xyoo.
Kev poob qis hauv textile thiab khaub ncaws ntshuam los ntawm European Union hauv UK yog qhov tsawg dua li kev xa khoom los ntawm sab nraud EU.
Britain tus Ntshuam ntawm textiles thiab khaub ncaws yog tsuas yog ua lag luam nrog sab nraud ntawm EU. Hauv 2022, UK tau xa tawm tag nrho ntawm 27.61 billion phaus ntawm textiles thiab khaub ncaws, uas tsuas yog 32% tau tuaj ntawm EU, thiab 68% tau tuaj ntawm sab nraud EU, me ntsis qis dua qhov siab tshaj ntawm 70.5% hauv 2010. Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, Brexit tsis tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev lag luam textile thiab khaub ncaws ntawm UK thiab EU.
Txij lub Ib Hlis mus txog Lub Plaub Hlis 2023, UK tau xa tawm tag nrho ntawm 7.16 billion phaus ntawm textiles thiab khaub ncaws, ntawm cov khoom siv textiles thiab khaub ncaws tuaj ntawm EU poob los ntawm 4.7% xyoo-rau-xyoo, tus nqi ntawm textiles thiab khaub ncaws tuaj ntawm EU. sab nraum EU poob los ntawm 14.5% xyoo-rau-xyoo, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj los ntawm sab nraud EU kuj txo los ntawm 3.8 feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus xyoo-rau-xyoo mus rau 63.5%.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev faib ua feem hauv EU thiab UK textile thiab khaub ncaws ntshuam kev lag luam tau poob qis ib xyoos ib zaug.
Ua ntej xyoo 2020, Tuam Tshoj qhov feem pua ntawm EU textile thiab khaub ncaws ntshuam kev lag luam tau nce mus txog 42.5% hauv xyoo 2010, thiab txij li xyoo 2010 tau poob qis, poob mus rau 31.1% hauv 2019. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm COVID-19 tshwm sim sai. kev loj hlob ntawm kev thov rau European Union lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, tiv thaiv khaub ncaws thiab lwm yam khoom. Kev ntshuam loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis tau nqa Tuam Tshoj txoj kev koom nrog hauv EU textile thiab khaub ncaws ntshuam kev lag luam mus rau qhov siab ntawm 42.7%. Txawm li cas los xij, txij thaum ntawd los, raws li qhov kev thov rau cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv kev sib kis tau poob qis los ntawm nws qhov siab tshaj plaws, thiab kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb ib puag ncig tau nce zuj zus, kev lag luam feem ntawm textiles thiab khaub ncaws xa tawm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj hauv European Union tau rov qab mus rau qhov kev poob qis, mus txog. 32.3% hauv 2022. Thaum Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tau txo qis, qhov kev lag luam ntawm peb lub teb chaws South Asian xws li Bangladesh, Is Nrias teb, thiab Pakistan tau nce ntau dua. Hauv xyoo 2010, cov khoom lag luam textile thiab khaub ncaws ntawm peb lub tebchaws South Asian suav tsuas yog 18.5% ntawm EU ntshuam kev lag luam, thiab qhov kev faib ua feem no tau nce mus rau 26.7% hauv 2022.
Txij li thaum lub npe hu ua "Xinjiang Related Act" hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau pib siv, kev lag luam txawv teb chaws ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam textile tau dhau los ua nyuaj thiab hnyav. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2022, European Commission tau dhau qhov kev hu ua "Forced Labor Ban", pom zoo kom EU coj kev ntsuas los txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev quab yuam ua haujlwm hauv EU. Txawm hais tias EU tseem tsis tau tshaj tawm txog kev nce qib thiab hnub ua haujlwm tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm tsab ntawv no, ntau tus neeg yuav khoom tau hloov kho thiab txo lawv cov kev xa tawm ncaj qha kom tsis txhob muaj kev pheej hmoo, tsis ncaj qha rau Suav cov tuam txhab textile kom nce cov peev txheej tsim tawm txawv teb chaws, cuam tshuam rau cov khoom xa tawm ncaj qha ntawm Suav textiles thiab khaub ncaws.
Txij thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj mus txog Lub Plaub Hlis 2023, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam sib koom hauv cov khoom lag luam thiab cov khaub ncaws los ntawm European Union tsuas yog 26.9%, qhov txo qis ntawm 4.1 feem pua piv rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo tas los, thiab tag nrho cov feem ntawm peb lub tebchaws South Asia tau tshaj 2.3 feem pua. cov ntsiab lus. Los ntawm lub teb chaws txoj kev xav, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev koom nrog hauv textile thiab khaub ncaws ntshuam kev lag luam ntawm Fabkis thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees, lub teb chaws cov tswv cuab tseem ceeb ntawm European Union, tau poob qis, thiab nws feem ntawm kev lag luam ntshuam ntawm UK kuj tau qhia tib yam. Txij thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj txog Lub Plaub Hlis 2023, qhov feem ntawm textiles thiab khaub ncaws xa tawm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj hauv kev lag luam ntshuam ntawm Fabkis, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, thiab UK yog 27.5%, 23.5%, thiab 26.6%, feem, qhov txo qis ntawm 4.6, 4.6, thiab 4.1 feem pua. cov ntsiab lus piv rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo tas los.
Cov European Union muaj cov pejxeem ntawm kwv yees li 450 lab tus tib neeg, nrog rau ib tus neeg GDP ntawm 38000 US las. Kev siv nyiaj txhua xyoo rau ntawm tus kheej cov khaub ncaws thiab khau tshaj 360 billion US dollars, ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws textile thiab khaub ncaws noj kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Ntawm lawv, lub teb chaws Yelemees, Fabkis, Spain, thiab Netherlands yog cov lag luam loj dua rau textile thiab khaub ncaws noj thiab ntshuam, nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Fabkis suav txog kwv yees li 40% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab khau siv hauv European Union. EU muaj qee yam kev tsim khoom thiab kev muaj peev xwm rau textiles thiab khaub ncaws, tab sis cov neeg siv khoom lag luam muaj peev xwm loj dua. Ntxiv rau qhov ua tau raws li qee qhov kev thov los ntawm EU lub voj voog kev lag luam sab hauv, nws tseem yuav tsum tau xa tawm kwv yees li $ 150 nphom hauv textiles thiab khaub ncaws los ntawm sab nraud EU txhua xyoo. Lub UK ua tiav Brexit hauv 2020, thiab nws cov khaub ncaws hais txog cov khoom noj muaj peev xwm sib npaug rau lub teb chaws Yelemees. Tus nqi ntawm textiles thiab khaub ncaws los ntawm sab nraud EU yog sib npaug rau Fabkis.
qhov chaw: https://www.tnc.com.cn/info/c-001001-d-3733476.html