1.1 txheej txheem ntawm bio-raws li regenerated fibers
Noj cov cellulose regenerated fiber ntau ua piv txwv, nws cov txheej txheem ua tau roughly muab faib ua cellulose raw khoom pretreatment processing thiab fiber ntau molding ua:
Cellulose raw khoom pretreatment processing:
Cellulose los ntawm cov khoom siv raw tsis tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha, yuav tsum tau ua kom huv los npaj cov fiber ntau, kev ua kom huv ntawm lub hom phiaj yog tshem tawm lignin, hemicellulose thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv raw, thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau hauv cov nqaij mos (pulping process). Cov kev kho mob uas nquag siv suav nrog kev kho tshuaj, uas feem ntau yog kho los ntawm acid-base hydrolysis. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev kho no tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig, thiab ntau yam kev kho tshiab tau maj mam tsim. Xws li kev kho mob lom (siv cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob kom tshem tawm lignin, keratin thiab lwm yam tshuaj), kev kho enzyme, kev kho lub cev (siv cov tshuab quab yuam, siab - hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, kev kho microwave), chav blasting thiab lwm yam.
Feem ntau pib ua fiber ntau cellulose feem ntau yog los ntawm kev xav tau ntawm paj rwb, ntoo, tab sis ntawm cov av tsis muaj av thiab hav zoov cov peev txheej hauv Suav teb, cov khoom siv raw tau pib hloov mus rau lwm cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv hauv Suav teb, xws li xyoob, hemp, txiv tsawb, qab zib. , tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qee cov khoom ua liaj ua teb thiab sab nrauv, xws li bagasse, qoob loo straw, txiv maj phaub plhaub, thiab lwm yam., Siv cov khoom siv ua liaj ua teb thiab cov khoom siv sab nrauv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau fiber ntau tuaj yeem paub txog kev hloov pauv cov khoom pov tseg rau hauv cov khoom muaj nqis, txo cov nqi khoom, thiab muab qhov dav dav. rau expanding cov zis.
Fiber ntau txoj kev ua:
Tom qab pretreatment ntawm fiber ntau raw cov ntaub ntawv, fiber molding yog cov kauj ruam tom ntej. Kev daws spinning yog cov cuab yeej siv tshuab spinning, ntawm cov txheej txheem viscose thiab cov txheej txheem ncaj qha hnyav yog qhov feem ntau raug.
Cov txheej txheem viscose yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cellulose fiber ntau, fiber ntau kho nrog alkali ua ntej tsim alkali cellulose, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog carbon=_ sulfide kom tau cellulose sulfonate, ces cov derivatives yaj nyob rau hauv alkali viscose (dope), spinning tov los ntawm da dej nozzle pore nruab nrab voltage mus rau hauv los ntawm sulfuric acid, sodium sulfate thiab ib tug me me ntawm zinc sulfate los ntawm coagulation, da dej, regeneration, tom qab stretching thiab lwm yam kev ua, cov khoom siv fibers tau txais. Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg tsis zoo, cov txheej txheem ntev ntws, kev ua haujlwm tsawg, thiab kev tsim cov CS2, H2S thiab lwm cov roj pov tseg, kua qaub, alkali, Zn2 ntxiv rau cov dej khib nyiab, sludge uas muaj CaO, Al2O3, MgO, Fe2Oz, thiab lwm yam. ntawm ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm dej, hluav taws xob, thee thiab lwm yam zog.
Txoj kev hnyav hnyav yog sawv cev los ntawm kev txhim kho cov kuab tshuaj tshiab uas sawv cev los ntawm N-methylmorpholine n-oxide (NMMO). NMMO txheej txheem yog txheej txheem los tsim cellulose fiber yam tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ua ntej, lub pulp yog tag nrho tov nrog NMMO uas muaj cov dej siv lead ua, thiab tom qab ntawd cov dej siv lead ua feem ntau raug tshem tawm los ntawm decompression, yaj, thiab ruaj khov, pob tshab thiab khov khov spinning yog tsim, uas yog lim thiab defoamed ua ntej spinning. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem luv luv, muaj kuab paug me me thiab zoo solubility. Cov cellulose regenerated fiber ntau tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem NMMO hu ua Lyocell fiber, thiab nws tau raug hailed li ntsuab fiber ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st.
Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov ntsiab lus saum toj no uas cov txheej txheem hnyav tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg, ua kom cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thiab txo cov pa phem. Tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhim kho lwm cov kuab tshuaj. Lwm cov kuab tshuaj muaj xws li ionic kua thiab tsis kub alkali / urea system, ntawm cov uas tsis muaj kub alkali / urea system yog cellulose dissolution system ntawm nws tus kheej tsim los ntawm Tuam Tshoj.
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev ua haujlwm huv ntawm cov cellulose fiber ntau kuj suav nrog cov txheej txheem yaj ntawm cellulose ester, uas yog, cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau tau npaj los ntawm derivatization ntawm biomass raw cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd lub yaj spinning yog nqa tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom siv raw biomass, suav nrog ntau pawg hydroxyl ua haujlwm, nws yooj yim rau degrade ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Txawm hais tias nws cov txheej txheem tau tshaj tawm, nws tseem tsis tau dhau los ua khoom muag.
1.2 Cov txheej txheem ntawm bio-raws li hluavtaws fibers
Cov txheej txheem ntawm bio-raws li hluavtaws fibers zoo ib yam li cov tsoos fibers xws li polyester thiab polyamide, uas yog npaj los ntawm melting polymerization thiab slicing, thiab ces npaj los ntawm melting spinning. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov txheej txheem, yaj ncaj qha spinning txheej txheem kuj tuaj yeem tsim.
Siv polylactic acid ua piv txwv. Lub monomer ntawm polylactic acid yog lactic acid los yog lactide npaj los ntawm dimerization ntawm lactic acid, uas tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev lom neeg fermentation ntawm pob kws, qos yaj ywm, beet thiab lwm yam qoob loo ua raw khoom. Cov qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo hauv Suav teb yog qhov loj heev, yog li txoj kev loj hlob ntawm POlylactic acid fiber ntau hauv Suav teb yog qhov loj heev. Kev tsim cov polylactic acid (PLA) hlais feem ntau yog ob- cov txheej txheem. Ua ntej, lactic acid polycondensation yog ua rau hauv oligomer, thiab tom qab ntawd lactide yog tsim los ntawm kev ua ntawm catalyst. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab distillation thiab purification hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, lub nplhaib catalytic - qhib polycondensation yog ua rau PLA. Kev siv ntxiv ntawm kev txiav, los ntawm cov txheej txheem melting, tuaj yeem npaj ntau yam kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm POlylactic acid fiber ntau rau kev lag luam hauv qab. Cov txheej txheem ntawm bio-raws li hluavtaws fibers yog zoo ib yam li cov tsoos fibers xws li polyester thiab polyamide, uas yog hlais los ntawm polymerization thiab ces npaj los ntawm yaj spinning. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov txheej txheem, yaj ncaj qha spinning txheej txheem kuj tuaj yeem tsim.
Siv polylactic acid ua piv txwv. Lub monomer ntawm polylactic acid yog lactic acid, los yog lactide npaj los ntawm dimerization ntawm lactic acid. Lactic acid tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm pob kws, qos yaj ywm, beet thiab lwm yam qoob loo los ntawm kev lom fermentation. Cov qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo no loj heev hauv Suav teb, yog li PLA fiber ntau muaj peev xwm loj hlob hauv Suav teb. Kev tsim cov polylactic acid (PLA) hlais feem ntau yog ob- cov txheej txheem. Ua ntej, lactic acid polycondensation yog ua rau hauv oligomer, thiab tom qab ntawd lactide yog tsim los ntawm kev ua ntawm catalyst. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab distillation thiab purification hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, lub nplhaib catalytic - qhib polycondensation yog ua rau PLA. Kev siv ntxiv ntawm kev txiav, los ntawm cov txheej txheem melting, tuaj yeem npaj ntau yam kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm POlylactic acid fiber ntau rau kev lag luam hauv qab.
qhov chaw: Tuam Tshoj Fibers Fashion
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